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Bonus material

Which hormones do the enteroendocrine cells of the epithelium secrete? (4)


  1.  Secretin
  2. CCK
  3. GIP
  4. Motilin


Patietal cell --> secrete HCL

G-cells --> secrete Gastrin into blood (not lumen)

Stomach (Pyloric) has Gastric Glands, which have G-cells

  • those G cells --> secrete Gastrin into blood, which act on Parietal cells to increase HCL
Chief cells (more Basophilic) --> secrete Pepsinogen (inactive precursor to Pepsin, a digestive enzyme)



Identify Distringuishing features

1. Gastro -----> esophageal
 = Simple columnar ---> stratified squamous

2. Gastro -----> Duodenal
= Epithelial glands in mucosa ----> being in the submucosa

3. Ileo (ileum, small intestine) -----> Cecal (colon, large instestine)
= Villi in epithelium -----> no villi

4.  Recto------> Anal
= Simple columnar ---> stratified squamous



Sperm must cross 3 layers to get to the egg in order for fertilization to occur
  1. Corona radiata
  2. Zona pellucida
  3. Plasma membrane


Lymphatic flow/circulation:

From slideshare


5 forms of Intracellular Communication:
  1. Autocrine
    1. Self-signaling
  2. Endocrine
    1. Release into vasculature (gets circulated through body)
    2. 5 glands
      1. Pituitary
      2. Adrenal
      3. Endocrine part of Pancreas
      4. Thyroid
      5. Parathyroid
  3. Paracrine
    1. Diffuse & bind on receptors it matches with
  4. Juxtacrine
    1. Sits on outside of cell membrane for matching cell receptor next door
  5. Exocrine
    1. Specific (into duct--> specific location)


How does a Penis become erect?
  • Helicine arteries
    • Spiral arteries that feed into Corpus cavernosum
  • Parasympathetic nerves stimulate smooth muscle in the Helicine arteries
    • =relaxes Helicine arteries = straighten out so that:
      • Blood can flow in quicker --> blood spaces expand --> pressure on efferent veins that normally drain the erectile tissue --> tissue expands because it's now engorged in blood!
Q: Why is there no Tunica Albuginea in the Corpus Spongiosum?
A: Because we don't want internal pressure to close off urethra

Thus:
  • Spongiosum = responsible for increasing size/girth
  • Cavernosum = responsible for increasing rigidity
Sympathetic nerves at ejaculation allow Helicine arteries to be spiral again


Thyroid Gland vs Mammary Gland
Thyroid = Endocrine
Mammary = Exocrine


Unknown

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